Probiotic Effector Compounds: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of probiotics, increase chances success in clinical studies and make it easy to substantiate health claims. However, most over years have rather focused on effects probiotics disease, whereas little is known about specific molecules that trigger hosts. This makes difficult describe detailed by which given functions. Probiotics communicate with their hosts through molecular signaling. Meanwhile, since produced under vitro conditions may differ from those vivo , mechanistic would be conducted mimic gastrointestinal as much possible. The ideal situation would, however, carry out well-designed trials humans (or target animal) using adequate quantities suspected molecule(s) or isogenic knock-out knock-in mutants. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge bacteria yeast are involved signaling host. We also challenges future perspectives search for effector molecules.